The book shares Mufti’s relationship with his father. Readers of Urdu literature would have certainly read Mumtaz Mufti’s novel, Ali Pur Ka Aeeli. His collection of works titled “Zavia” presents a notable contribution in this regard. Late Ashfaq Ahmed presented ideas that were close to the heart and helped in the readers’ personality development. Critics are pretty much sure that the average, uneducated Muslim living in 1935 would have reacted to the Government of India Act much in the same way as Mangoo did. Manto was referring to the implementation of the Government of India Act 1935. He feels disheartened to see that nothing has changed. He even washes his horse cart and waits for the auspicious day. Mangoo believes that this new rule will bring a positive change to society. However, being a tonga driver, he overhears what his passengers discuss regarding the new constitution. Being uneducated, he does not know much about the new constitution that is to be implemented. If we look at Saadat Hasan Manto’s short story, “Naya Qanoon” (New Constitution), we are introduced to his character, Mangoo. Saadat Hasan Manto, for instance, used his characters to discuss the functioning of the society he was living in. We observe variations of thoughts and ideas when reading literary works of Pakistani authors. Culture, whether about society, community, city, province, or a country, either gives birth to specific literature or blends in with the prevailing culture for value addition. It is the culture that links such rational and imaginative pursuits with the readers. In essence, literature brings to fore the authors’ cognitive and creative prowess.
Such content-either fact or fiction poetry or prose-is highlighted through the literary works. Literature manifests the idea of authors expressing their thoughts and ideas, expressions, and emotions. They can and have evolved on their own but both need some part of the other to remain linked with readers and authors. Neither of the two can survive without each other. Literature and culture are fused in a harmonious blend of fact and fiction. Culture and works of literature Culture and works of literature
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